近年来，在技术进步的推动下，我国光伏发电产业取得快速发展，产业规模和技术水平均达到世界领先水平。放眼“十四五”时期，精心谋划、提前布局，加强光伏技术创新与产业升级，是提升核心源动力，推动光伏发电高质量、低成本、大规模发展的重要保障。

一

光伏发电技术发展现状与趋势

（一）世界光伏发电技术发展现状

大力发展可再生能源已成为全球能源革命和应对气候变化的主导方向和一致行动。近年来，光伏发电作为重要的可再生能源发电技术取得了快速发展，在很多国家已成为清洁、低碳并具有价格竞争力的能源形式。2020年全球新增光伏发电装机1.27亿千瓦，累计装机规模达到7.07亿千瓦。

晶体硅电池仍是光伏电池产业化主流技术，新型电池发展迅速。 光伏电池作为光伏行业的核心部件，根据工艺和原材料不同主要可分为晶体硅电池、薄膜电池、钙钛矿电池、有机电池等。其中，晶体硅电池由于其转换效率高、原材料来源丰富、无毒无害等优点，占据了光伏电池规模化生产与应用的主体。近年来，PERC（发射极钝化和背面接触）技术的广泛应用，进一步推动晶体硅电池转换效率的提高。另一方面，以钙钛矿电池为代表的新型电池成为世界范围内的研究热点，转换效率快速提升，实验室最高转换效率已接近晶体硅电池，产业化进程逐步推进，但其在大面积应用、器件稳定性等方面仍面临挑战。

光伏系统精细化水平不断提升，应用模式多样化。 光伏系统子阵容量不断增大，1500伏光伏系统应用比例已经逐步超过1000伏系统，并网安全性、可靠性标准不断提高，光伏电站发电能力与电能质量不断提升。“光伏+农业”“光伏+畜牧业”“光伏+建筑”“光伏+渔业”等复合应用形式规模不断扩大，微电网、智能电网等光伏发电与电网的深入融合逐步成为电力行业新业态。

（二）世界光伏发电技术发展趋势

世界各国持续深化布局光伏发电全产业链创新，作为推进新兴产业发展的主要战略举措，通过全覆盖布局先进材料、制造和系统应用各环节研发实现成本降低与竞争力提升。

光伏核心器件朝高效率、低能耗、低成本方向发展。 晶体硅电池已构建了完备的全产业链，将继续占据光伏电池生产量的主要份额，未来将进一步向着更高的转换效率、更少的原材料消耗、更低的能源消耗、更低的制造成本的方向发展。钙钛矿电池、叠层电池作为未来光伏电池技术重要的发展方向，世界各国均在此方面重点投入，着力提升器件性能与稳定性，推动产业化布局，在解决大面积、稳定性等方面的问题后，钙钛矿电池将有望改变光伏应用市场的产业格局。

光伏应用向多利用场景方向发展。 世界各国结合自身实际情况，积极推动光伏建筑一体化、漂浮式光伏、光伏+农业、光伏车棚等多种新型应用形式发展，与之相关的特异性产品技术、联合运行控制技术等成为研究重点。

（三）我国光伏发电技术现状

“十三五”期间，在产业规模快速扩大的带动下，我国光伏发电技术取得快速发展，光伏电池、组件等关键部件产业化量产技术达到世界领先水平；生产设备技术不断升级，基本实现国产化；光伏发电系统成套技术不断优化完善，智能化水平显著提升。

光伏电池组件技术快速迭代，产业化制造水平世界领先。 到“十三五”末，我国光伏电池制造环节基本实现了从传统“多晶铝背场”技术到“单晶PERC”技术的更新换代，主流规模化量产晶体硅电池平均转换效率从“十三五”初期的18.5%提升至22.8%，实现跨越式发展。TOPCon（隧穿氧化层钝化接触）、HJT（异质结）、IBC（背电极接触）等新型晶体硅高效电池与组件技术产业化水平不断提高，头部企业多次刷新产业化生产转换效率世界纪录，已具备规模化生产能力与较强的国际竞争力。钙钛矿等新一代高效电池技术保持与世界齐头并进，研究机构多次创造钙钛矿电池实验室转换效率世界纪录，部分企业已开展产业化生产研究，并多次刷新产业化生产组件转换效率纪录。

光伏发电制造设备水平明显提升，基本实现国产化。 我国光伏设备实现了从低端向高端发展，产品定制化程度不断提高，高产能与高效自动化能力不断提升，自动化、数字化、网络化程度的提升推动光伏制造向光伏智造转变。多晶硅硅片、电池片、组件各环节生产装备已基本实现国产化。

光伏发电系统技术不断优化，智能化运维助力发电能力提升。 大量新技术被应用于光伏电站整体设计以及系统级优化。光伏支架跟踪系统、1500伏电压的采用有效提高了光伏发电系统的实际发电能力；智能机器人、无人机、大数据、远程监控、先进通信技术等已在电站运行中使用。

（四）我国光伏发电技术发展趋势

作为全球最大的光伏发电应用市场，我国已成为各类新型光伏电池技术产业化转化与应用的孵化地。未来我国将继续聚焦国际光伏发电技术发展重点方向，引领全球光伏发电产业化技术持续创新发展。

光伏电池效率进一步提升。 晶体硅电池仍将在一段时间内保持主导地位，并以PERC技术为主。采用TOPCon或HJT技术的N型晶体硅电池在综合考虑效率、成本、规模，具备较好市场竞争力后，有望成为下一个主流光伏电池技术。钙钛矿电池等基于新材料体系的高效光伏电池以及叠层电池作为研究热点，待产业化技术逐步成熟后有望带来下一个光伏电池转换效率的阶跃式提升。

光伏组件高效率与高可靠性并进。 半片技术、叠瓦技术、多主栅等组件技术将进一步广泛应用，双面组件将逐步成为市场主流，提升组件效率与发电能力。新型封装技术与封装材料进一步提升组件可靠性。

光伏发电系统智能化、多元化发展。 逆变器将向大功率单体机、高电压接入、智能化方向发展，不断深化与储能技术的融合，智能运行与维护技术水平不断提高。光伏建筑一体化等新场景应用技术不断完善，拓展应用光伏发电开发空间。

二

“十四五”光伏发电技术发展方向及发展目标

据预测，为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标，到2030年，我国光伏发电装机需要达到9~10亿千瓦；到2060年，则需要达到30~35亿千瓦。光伏发电在迎来空前发展机遇与发展空间的同时，也面临诸多挑战，光伏发电技术创新将成为应对这些挑战的关键因素。

加强技术创新，提高土地综合利用价值，促进光伏大规模发展。 据测算，我国太阳能可开发潜力可达千亿千瓦量级，但考虑生态红线与基本农田因素，约44%的国土面积不能用作光伏等新能源项目开发，国家林业和草原局等部门对新能源开发要求日趋规范。在新形势下，迫切需要进一步提高光伏发电单位面积发电能力，减少光伏发电项目建设用地需求，同时加强土地综合利用，提高土地利用效率。一方面，通过新材料、新技术的应用，提高光伏电池组件转换效率，提升光伏组件单位面积的发电能力；另一方面，不断优化光伏发电系统设计与建设水平，开展应用模式创新，加强光伏电站全生命周期的智能化管理和运维，提高光伏电站的发电效率。

光伏发电并网性能进一步提升，满足高渗透率应用要求。 随着光伏发电在电网中渗透率的不断提高，电力系统将迎来安全、稳定、电能质量、经济性等多方面的挑战。作为构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的重要组成部分，提升光伏发电功率预测精度、提高光伏系统主动支撑与抵御电力系统扰动等涉网性能将成为重要研究方向。

分布式光伏与其他领域的融合发展将成为未来光伏发电重要的组成部分。 在稳步推进规模化光伏基地建设的同时，光伏建筑一体化、光伏与交通、新基建设施融合发展等新型应用形式对光伏产品性能、光伏发电系统提出了新的要求，需要结合特异性场景应用条件，持续推动光伏发电相关技术的发展。

健全光伏发电全生命周期绿色产业链。 伴随着近年我国光伏发电装机规模的快速增长，生命期满光伏组件回收问题也日益受到关注。结合我国光伏发电规模增速，预计我国将在2040年左右集中迎来光伏组件回收处理的第一个需求高峰期。放眼长远，在碳达峰、碳中和目标的要求下，亟须完善到期光伏组件的无害化回收处理技术，并推向产业化，补全光伏发电全生命周期绿色产业链的最后一环。

强产能保障光伏发展目标落实。 2020年，我国光伏组件产能2.443亿千瓦，实际产量1.246亿千瓦，约六成组件销往海外，“十四五”期间仍需进一步提高光伏产品的产能保障。一方面，需要进一步发展光伏电池、组件、逆变器等核心部件的智能化制造技术，提升智能化生产水平，提高生产效率与生产能力；另一方面，需要进一步开展技术攻关，尽快突破少部分关键制造设备零部件的国产化技术，消除发展潜在瓶颈。

三

光伏发电技术“十四五”科技发展展望

综合对碳达峰、碳中和形势下光伏发电行业技术发展的需求分析，“十四五”期间，我国光伏发电技术有望延续“十三五”快速发展的势头，在国家整体发展目标的指引下，重点针对产业链中存在的关键问题开展研究和突破，“补短板、锻长板”，不断提升我国光伏发电行业技术水平，助力碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现。

（一）发展高效低成本光伏电池技术

构建高效低成本晶硅电池新业态，进一步提高晶硅电池转换效率，推动高效新技术广泛应用，提升光伏发电系统单位面积发电能力。一是重点针对TOPCon、HJT、IBC等新型晶体硅电池的低成本高质量产业化制造技术开展研究，发展高质量产业化生产关键材料、工艺与装备制造技术，进一步提高电池产业化生产效率与电池转换效率，降低生产成本，推动高效晶体硅电池规模化应用，具体包括低成本高效清洗技术、高质量钝化技术、低成本金属化技术等方面的研究。二是针对低成本高质量硅片的生产制造技术开展研究。重点突破低成本高效硅颗粒料制备、连续拉晶、N型与掺镓P型硅棒制备技术，从产业链源头加强对规模化发展的支撑。同时，发展大尺寸超薄硅片切割技术，掌握超薄硅片切割工艺，完成配套设备、相关主辅材开发及配套技术研究，实现大尺寸超薄硅片稳定切割和产出，支持低硅成本光伏电池发展。

（二）加强高效钙钛矿电池制备与产业化生产技术研究

紧扣世界光伏技术发展热点，开展新型钙钛矿电池制备与产业化生产技术的集中攻关，推动单结钙钛矿电池的规模化量产。同时，开发高效叠层电池工艺，突破单结电池效率极限，实现光伏电池转换效率的阶跃式提升。一是研究大面积高效率、高稳定性环境友好型钙钛矿电池成套制备技术，开发高可靠性组件级联与封装技术，研制基于溶液法与物理法的量产工艺制程设备，实现高效单结钙钛矿电池产业化量产。二是开展晶体硅/钙钛矿、钙钛矿/钙钛矿等高效叠层电池制备技术研究，优化叠层结构设计与制备工艺，大幅提高光伏电池发电效率，逐步实现产业化量产能力。

（三）推动光伏发电并网性能提升

开展新型高效大容量光伏并网技术研究与示范试验，突破中压并网逆变器关键技术，开展弱电网条件下耦合谐振机理及抑制策略、有功备用和储能单元相结合的最优自适应虚拟同步技术、高功率密度中压发电模块优化设计与系统集成实证测试技术等研究，研制交流直挂式中压并网逆变器。突破大型光伏高效稳定直流汇集技术瓶颈，开展大功率高效率直流升压变换器拓扑、自律控制技术、多台直流变换器智能串/并联控制以及多场景智能运行控制技术等研究，研制大功率直流变换器。开展光伏发电与电力系统间暂稳态特性和仿真等关键技术研究，提升光伏发电并网性能。

（四）推进光伏建筑一体化等分布式技术应用

推动“光伏+”等分布式光伏应用技术创新，拓展分布式光伏应用领域，助推光伏发电高比例发展。重点开展光伏屋顶、玻璃幕墙等多种形式光伏建筑一体化产品相关技术研究，综合考虑建筑结构、强度、防火、安全性能等因素，满足规模化应用需求。同时开展产品模块化、轻量化技术研究，完善相关技术标准与规范，推动光伏建筑一体化以及光伏发电与其他领域综合利用的规模化广泛应用。

（五）加强光伏智慧制造与设备国产化

构建智慧光伏生产制造体系，提高生产制造能力，开展关键集中攻关，突破关键设备与零部件国产化技术，解决潜在的生产技术瓶颈，保障未来光伏核心产品产能供应。一是提高多晶硅等基础材料生产、光伏电池及部件制造智能化水平，提升智能光伏终端产品供给能力；二是自主研发高质量异质结电池用核心装备、突破高质量制造设备用分子泵、真空阀门、电源、真空计等真空设备标准件、性能检测设备等制造技术；三是突破光伏逆变器用国产功率模块、控制器芯片、数字信号处理器等关键零部件规模化应用技术；四是掌握异质结光伏电池用低温银浆、溅射靶材等关键材料制造技术。

（六）发展光伏组件回收处理与再利用技术

针对晶硅光伏组件寿命期后大规模退役问题，开展光伏组件环保处理和回收的关键技术及装备研究与示范试验，实现主要高价值组成材料的可再利用。针对目前行业各主流产品类型，开发基于物理法和化学法的低成本绿色拆解技术，掌握高价值组分高效环保分离的技术与装备；开发新型材料及新结构组件的环保处理技术和实验平台；研究组件低损拆解及高价值组分材料高效分离等关键设备，实现退役光伏组件中银、铜等高价值组分的高效回收和再利用。

In recent years, driven by technological progress, China's photovoltaic power generation industry has achieved rapid development, with the industrial scale and technological level reaching the world's leading level. Looking forward to the "14th Five-year plan" period, careful planning, advance layout, strengthen photovoltaic technology innovation and industrial upgrading, is to enhance the core source of power, promote high-quality, low-cost, large-scale development of photovoltaic power generation is an important guarantee.
one

Development status and trend of photovoltaic power generation technology

(I) The development status of photovoltaic power generation technology in the world

Vigorously developing renewable energy has become the leading direction and concerted action of the global energy revolution and climate change. In recent years, photovoltaic power generation as an important renewable energy generation technology has achieved rapid development, in many countries has become a clean, low-carbon and price competitive energy form. In 2020, 127 million kw of new photovoltaic power generation will be installed globally, bringing the total installed capacity to 707 million kW.
Crystalline silicon cell is still the mainstream technology of photovoltaic cell industrialization, and the development of new cells is rapid. Photovoltaic cells, as the core components of the photovoltaic industry, can be divided into crystalline silicon cells, thin film cells, perovskite cells, organic cells and so on according to different processes and raw materials. Among them, crystalline silicon cells occupy the main body of large-scale production and application of photovoltaic cells due to their advantages of high conversion efficiency, rich source of raw materials, non-toxic and harmless. In recent years, the wide application of PERC (emitter passivation and back contact) technology has further promoted the improvement of conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon cells. On the other hand, new cells represented by perovskite cells have become a research hotspot worldwide, with rapid improvement in conversion efficiency. The highest conversion efficiency in the laboratory is close to crystal silicon cells, and the industrialization process is gradually advancing, but it still faces challenges in large-area application and device stability.

The refinement level of photovoltaic system has been continuously improved, and the application mode has been diversified. The number of photovoltaic system sub-lineup keeps increasing, the application proportion of 1500 VOLT photovoltaic system has gradually exceeded 1000 volt system, the safety and reliability standards of grid-connected system are constantly improved, and the power generation capacity and power quality of photovoltaic power station are constantly improved. The scale of composite applications such as "PHOTOVOLTAIC + agriculture", "photovoltaic + animal husbandry", "photovoltaic + construction" and "photovoltaic + fishery" continues to expand. The in-depth integration of photovoltaic power generation and power grid, such as microgrid and smart grid, has gradually become a new form of business in the power industry.

(ii) Development trend of photovoltaic power generation technology in the world

Countries around the world continue to deepen the layout of photovoltaic power industry chain innovation, as a major strategic measure to promote the development of emerging industries, through the comprehensive layout of advanced materials, manufacturing and system application of research and development to achieve cost reduction and competitiveness.
Photovoltaic core devices are developing towards high efficiency, low energy consumption and low cost. Crystalline silicon cells have built a complete whole industry chain, and will continue to occupy the main share of photovoltaic cell production, and will further develop towards higher conversion efficiency, less raw material consumption, lower energy consumption and lower manufacturing cost in the future. Perovskite, laminated battery as an important development direction of future photovoltaic battery technology, in this respect in every country in the world the key input, to improve the device performance and stability, and promote the industrialization of layout, after solve the problem of large area, stability, etc, perovskite battery is expected to change the industry pattern of photovoltaic application market.
Photovoltaic applications are developing towards multi-use scenarios. Countries around the world, combined with their own actual situation, actively promote the development of photovoltaic building integration, floating photovoltaic, photovoltaic + agriculture, photovoltaic carport and other new application forms, and related specific product technology, joint operation control technology and so on become the focus of research.
(iii) Current situation of Photovoltaic power generation technology in China
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, driven by the rapid expansion of the industrial scale, China's photovoltaic power generation technology has achieved rapid development, and the industrialization mass production technology of photovoltaic cells, modules and other key components has reached the world's leading level. The production equipment and technology are constantly upgraded, and the localization is basically realized. The complete set of photovoltaic power generation system technologies have been continuously optimized and improved, and the level of intelligence has been significantly improved.
Photovoltaic cell module technology is rapidly iterating, and its industrial manufacturing level is leading the world. By the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan", China's photovoltaic cell manufacturing process has basically realized the upgrading of the traditional "polycrystalline aluminum back field" technology to "single crystal PERC" technology, and the average conversion efficiency of the mainstream large-scale crystal silicon cell has increased from 18.5% to 22.8% at the beginning of the "13th Five-Year Plan", realizing a leapfrog development. The industrialization level of TOPCon (tunnel oxidation layer passivation contact), HJT (heterojunction), IBC (back electrode contact) and other new crystalline silicon high-efficiency battery and module technology has been continuously improved. The head enterprise has repeatedly refreshed the world record of industrialization production conversion efficiency, and has large-scale production capacity and strong international competitiveness. Perovskite and other new generation of high-efficiency battery technology keep pace with the world, research institutions have repeatedly created the world record of perovskite battery laboratory conversion efficiency, some enterprises have carried out industrial production research, and repeatedly refresh the industrial production module conversion efficiency record.
The level of photovoltaic power generation manufacturing equipment has been significantly improved, and basically localization has been realized. China's photovoltaic equipment has realized the development from low-end to high-end, the degree of product customization continues to improve, high productivity and efficient automation capacity continues to improve, automation, digitalization, networking degree to promote the photovoltaic manufacturing to photovoltaic intelligent manufacturing transformation. Polysilicon silicon chip, cell chip, component production equipment has basically realized localization.
Photovoltaic power generation system technology has been continuously optimized, and intelligent operation and maintenance has helped improve power generation capacity. A large number of new technologies have been applied to the overall design and system-level optimization of PHOTOVOLTAIC power stations. Photovoltaic support tracking system and 1500 volt voltage effectively improve the actual power generation capacity of photovoltaic power generation system; Intelligent robots, drones, big data, remote monitoring and advanced communication technologies have been used in the operation of power stations.
(4) Development trend of Photovoltaic power generation technology in China
As the world's largest photovoltaic power generation application market, China has become the incubator of all kinds of new photovoltaic cell technology industrialization transformation and application. In the future, China will continue to focus on the key development direction of international photovoltaic power generation technology and lead the continuous innovation and development of global photovoltaic power generation industrialization technology.
Photovoltaic cell efficiency has been further improved. Crystalline silicon cells will remain dominant for some time, and PERC technology will dominate. N-type crystalline silicon cells using TOPCon or HJT technology are expected to become the next mainstream photovoltaic cell technology after comprehensive consideration of efficiency, cost, scale and good market competitiveness. High-efficiency photovoltaic cells based on new material systems such as perovskite cells and laminated cells are the research hotspots, which are expected to bring a step improvement in the conversion efficiency of the next photovoltaic cell after the industrialization technology is gradually mature.
Photovoltaic modules go hand in hand with high efficiency and reliability. Component technologies such as half-chip technology, imbricated technology and multi-main grid will be further widely used, and double-sided components will gradually become the mainstream of the market to improve component efficiency and power generation capacity. New packaging technology and packaging materials further improve the reliability of components.
Photovoltaic power generation system intelligent, diversified development. The inverter will develop to the direction of high-power single machine, high-voltage access and intelligence, and constantly deepen the integration with energy storage technology, and improve the level of intelligent operation and maintenance technology. The application technology of photovoltaic building integration and other new scenarios is constantly improved to expand the development space of photovoltaic power generation.
Second,
Development direction and goals of photovoltaic power generation technology in the 14th Five-Year Plan
It is predicted that in order to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, by 2030, China's installed photovoltaic power generation needs to reach 900 ~1 billion kW; By 2060, it needs to reach 3 to 3.5 gigawatts. Photovoltaic power generation in the unprecedented development opportunities and space, but also facing many challenges, photovoltaic technology innovation will become a key factor to deal with these challenges.

We will strengthen technological innovation, increase the value of comprehensive land use, and promote large-scale development of photovoltaic energy. It is estimated that the potential of solar energy development in China can reach 100 billion kilowatts, but considering the ecological red line and basic farmland, about 44% of China's land area cannot be used for photovoltaic and other new energy projects. The National Forestry and Grassland Administration and other departments have increasingly standardized requirements for new energy development. Under the new situation, it is urgent to further improve photovoltaic power generation capacity per unit area, reduce the demand for construction land for photovoltaic power generation projects, and strengthen comprehensive land use to improve land use efficiency. On the one hand, through the application of new materials and new technologies, the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell modules is improved, and the power generation capacity of photovoltaic modules per unit area is improved. On the other hand, the design and construction level of photovoltaic power generation system is constantly optimized, application mode innovation is carried out, and intelligent management, operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power station life cycle is strengthened to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power station.

The grid-connected performance of photovoltaic power generation is further improved to meet the requirements of high permeability applications. With the continuous improvement of photovoltaic power penetration in the power grid, the power system will face challenges in security, stability, power quality, economy and other aspects. As an important part of the construction of a new power system with new energy as the main body, it will become an important research direction to improve the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic power generation power, improve the photovoltaic system active support and resistance to power system disturbance and other grid related performance.

The integration of distributed photovoltaic and other fields will become an important part of photovoltaic power generation in the future. While steadily promoting the construction of large-scale photovoltaic bases, new application forms such as the integration of photovoltaic buildings, photovoltaic and transportation, and the integrated development of new infrastructure have put forward new requirements on the performance of photovoltaic products and photovoltaic power generation system. It is necessary to combine specific application conditions to continuously promote the development of photovoltaic power generation related technologies.

Improve the whole life cycle of photovoltaic power generation green industry chain. With the rapid growth of photovoltaic power generation installed scale in China in recent years, the issue of photovoltaic module recycling at the end of life has been increasingly concerned. Combined with the growth of photovoltaic power generation scale in China, it is expected that China will usher in the first demand peak of photovoltaic module recycling around 2040. In the long run, under the requirement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, it is urgent to improve the harmless recycling and treatment technology of photovoltaic modules due to expire, push it to industrialization, and complete the last link of the green industry chain of the whole life cycle of photovoltaic power generation.

Strong capacity to ensure the implementation of photovoltaic development goals. In 2020, China's photovoltaic module production capacity 244.3 million kw, the actual output of 124.6 million kW, about 60% of the modules sold overseas, "14th five-year" period still need to further improve the capacity of photovoltaic products guarantee. On the one hand, it is necessary to further develop the intelligent manufacturing technology of photovoltaic cells, modules, inverters and other core components, improve the level of intelligent production, improve production efficiency and production capacity; On the other hand, it is necessary to further carry out technological breakthroughs, break through the localization technology of a small number of key manufacturing equipment components as soon as possible, and eliminate potential bottlenecks in development.

Three,

Development prospect of photovoltaic power generation technology in the 14th Five-Year Plan

Synthesis of carbon peak, carbon neutral situation needs analysis of the development of photovoltaic industry technology, during the period of "difference", photovoltaic power generation technology in China is expected to continue rapid development momentum, "much starker choices-and graver consequences-in" in the country as a whole under the guidance of development goals, focusing on the key problems existing in the industrial chain research and breakthrough, "fill the short board, long forging board", To continuously improve the technical level of China's photovoltaic power generation industry and help achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

(1) Developing high-efficiency and low-cost photovoltaic cell technology

Build new formats of high-efficiency and low-cost crystalline silicon cells, further improve the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon cells, promote the wide application of high-efficiency new technologies, and improve the power generation capacity per unit area of photovoltaic power generation system. One is the key for TOPCon, HJT, IBC new crystalline silicon cell, such as low cost and high quality manufacturing technology research and industrialization of key materials, development of high quality industrial production technology and equipment manufacturing technology, further improve the industrialization production efficiency and the battery conversion efficiency, reduce production costs, promote efficient crystal silicon scale applications, It includes the research of low-cost and efficient cleaning technology, high-quality passivation technology, low-cost metallization technology and so on. The second is to study the manufacturing technology of low-cost and high-quality silicon wafers. Focus on breakthroughs in low-cost and efficient silicon pellet preparation, continuous crystal drawing, n-type and gallium-doped P-type silicon rod preparation technology, strengthen support for large-scale development from the source of the industrial chain. At the same time, we will develop the large-size ultra-thin silicon wafer cutting technology, master the ultra-thin silicon wafer cutting process, complete the development of supporting equipment, related main and auxiliary materials and supporting technology research, achieve the stable cutting and output of large-size ultra-thin silicon wafer, and support the development of photovoltaic cells with low silicon cost.

(2) Strengthen the research on the preparation and industrial production technology of high-efficiency perovskite batteries

Closely follow the world's photovoltaic technology development hot spots, carry out new perovskite cell preparation and industrial production technology focus, promote the large-scale production of single-junction perovskite cell. At the same time, the efficient stacked cell process is developed to break through the efficiency limit of single junction cells and realize the step improvement of photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency. First, study the complete set of preparation technology of large-area high-efficiency, high-stability and environment-friendly perovskite battery, develop the cascade and packaging technology of high-reliability components, develop the mass production process equipment based on solution method and physical method, and realize the industrialized mass production of high-efficiency single-junction perovskite battery. The second is to carry out research on the preparation technology of high-efficiency laminated cells such as crystal silicon/perovskite and perovskite/perovskite, optimize the design of laminated structure and preparation process, greatly improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells, and gradually realize the industrial mass production capacity.
(3) Promote the grid-connected performance of photovoltaic power generation
Develop new type high efficient high-capacity photovoltaic (pv) grid technology research and demonstration test, the key technology breakthrough in medium voltage grid inverter, carry out under the condition of weak power grid coupling resonance mechanism and suppression strategies, active standby and energy storage unit with the combination of the optimal adaptive virtual synchronization technology, high power density, medium voltage power module optimization design and system integration empirical testing technology research, Ac direct - mounted medium - voltage grid-connected inverter is developed. To break the bottleneck of large photovoltaic efficient and stable DC convergence technology, carry out research on high-power and high-efficiency DC boost converter topology, self-discipline control technology, intelligent series/parallel control of multiple DC converters and multi-scene intelligent operation control technology, and develop high-power DC converters. Carry out research on key technologies such as transient steady-state characteristics and simulation between photovoltaic power generation and power system to improve grid-connected performance of photovoltaic power generation.
(4) Promoting the application of distributed technologies such as the integration of photovoltaic buildings
We will promote the "PHOTOVOLTAIC plus" and other distributed photovoltaic application technology innovation, expand the application of distributed photovoltaic, and boost the high proportion of photovoltaic power generation. Focus on the research on related technologies of photovoltaic roof, glass curtain wall and other integrated products of various forms of photovoltaic building, comprehensively consider the building structure, strength, fire prevention, safety performance and other factors to meet the needs of large-scale application. At the same time, we will carry out research on product modularization and lightweight technology, improve relevant technical standards and specifications, and promote the integration of photovoltaic buildings and large-scale and wide application of comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic power generation and other fields.
(5) Strengthening the localization of photovoltaic smart manufacturing and equipment
Build a smart photovoltaic production and manufacturing system, improve the production and manufacturing capacity, carry out key focused breakthroughs, make breakthroughs in the localization of key equipment and components, solve potential production technology bottlenecks, and ensure the supply of future photovoltaic core products. First, improve the production of polysilicon and other basic materials, the intelligent level of photovoltaic cell and component manufacturing, improve the supply capacity of intelligent photovoltaic terminal products; Second, independently research and develop core equipment for high-quality heterojunction batteries, break through manufacturing technologies such as molecular pumps, vacuum valves, power supplies, vacuum gauges and other vacuum equipment standards and performance testing equipment for high-quality manufacturing equipment; The third is to break through the large-scale application technology of domestic power modules, controller chips, digital signal processors and other key components for photovoltaic inverters; Fourth, master the manufacturing technology of key materials such as low-temperature silver paste and sputtering target materials for heterojunction photovoltaic cells.
(6) Developing photovoltaic module recovery, treatment and reuse technology
To solve the problem of large-scale decommissioning of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules after their life, research and demonstration tests on key technologies and equipment for environmental protection treatment and recovery of photovoltaic modules will be carried out to realize the reuse of major high-value constituent materials. Develop low-cost green disassembly technology based on physical and chemical methods, and master the technology and equipment for high-value components separation with high efficiency and environmental protection, aiming at the current mainstream product types in the industry; Developing environmental protection treatment technology and experimental platform for new materials and new structural components; Research key equipment such as low-loss component disassembly and high-value material separation to realize efficient recovery and reuse of high-value components such as silver and copper in retired photovoltaic modules.